Azhar

Al-Azhar mosque and university, the most prominent Islamic institutions in the world. History began 361 years old H / 972, and to Him is due the great virtue to save the Arab-Islamic culture. Has developed since its foundation in construction. Began an inclusive place where the prayers and religious ceremonies and then became in addition to the University includes teaching institutes and colleges in different types of knowledge and competence

Building Azhar

When he entered the essence of Sicilian [t] Egypt, opening the city of Cairo was established as the capital of the Fatimid Khalifa Muizz [t]. In the south-east of Al-Azhar mosque began building a year AH 359 / 970 AD over the patch area of about five thousand m 2 (half the size of the current) district Daylam environs north and south district Turk. It is worth mentioning that Egypt was known before the Al-Azhar three mosques in the University are: Mosque of Amr ibn al-Aas in Fustat year 21 AH / 641 AD, the Mosque of the military in the city of the military year 133 AH / 750 AD and the Mosque of Ahmad Ibn Tulun in Alktaea year 265 AH / AD 879. It took nearly two years at Al-Azhar, and make it a special essence of the Ismaili Shia doctrine in order to avoid provoking the feelings of Egyptians in the mosques at the time.Known as Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo in the beginning, and the historians of the Fatimid era, like I'm Towair and I'm safe, reminding him of this label. Azhar then introduced to coincide with the Fatimid palaces which were called palaces flourished.Built consists of two parts, the first known roofed campus and the second is called the open air courtyard. This is called the old campus on campus. And the ancient temple known as the kiss was a platform next to the mihrab was later transferred to the Collector's ruling (relative to the Caliph al-Hakim). The campus includes the old seventy-six columns of white marble, arranged in parallel rows, the walls decorated with Koranic verses inscribed in Kufic script beautiful. At the right side of the mihrab, the old pattern, which was set in the plans of Al-as follows: «In the name of God the Merciful, which was commissioned by Abdullah and his heir Abu Tamim contagious Imam Muizz the faithful prayers of Allah upon him and his fathers, and sons Alockraman, at the hands of slave essence author Skalli and that three hundred and sixty years old ». The roof of the sanctuary of wood masterly creation. In the Temple windows to light and air. The courtyard of the mosque imposing stone paved. And is surrounded by arcades with graceful columns. The flower at the beginning of the lighthouse and one niche one. Then subsequently established beacons became five, as there were many niches until I was thirteen sanctuary was left only six of them.Succession to the Fatimid caliphs attention to building Azhar; has renewed the dear God, and summed up much of al-Hakim of the financial resources, and renewed the Mustansir, and established the religion of Allah Hafiz compartment next to the western section of the mosque, named after Fatima al-Zahra.No build-Azhar in the Ayyubid something prominent. It will be recalled that Saladin stopped his Friday sermon in it, and limited engagement at the Whole Alhaqueme.In the Mamluk era the interest in Al-Azhar's peak. That was like the golden age of flower. The care of Prince Sultan, deputy Izz al-Din (Oedmr Jewellery) restoration of Al-Azhar, repair and beautify. And established the Prince Bibak Khazindar a large hall for the teaching of modern science and Shafi'i jurisprudence. He was appointed readers to read the Quran and arranged many of the flower waqf property. The earthquake resulted in year AH 702 / 1302 to build a cracked-Azhar, as happened to other mosques in Cairo, he withdrew Prince Salar renovated and restored what was destroyed him. Has been established next to the new Al-Azhar schools Malbutt that included it. He built Prince Aladdin Taibrs school Taybarsiyya year AH 709 / 1310 to the right of the western section of the teaching of the Shafi'i school and the bookcase large as described in the plans of Al-: «and preen in Rkhamha and gilding ceilings came up in the finest costume and the best template and exhilarating arrangement because of the mastery of work and quality so that the industry is not able to simulate a Mavera of the marble industry in the form of niches. Amounted to spend on her big sentence ». And now operated by Al Azhar Library. In the year 725 AH / 1325 m by the renewal of the calculated Al-Azhar Cairo judge Najm al-Din Muhammad ibn Hussein Alosaroi. In the year AH 740 / 1339 built the Prince Aladdin Aqbugha Abdul Wahid Aqbughawiyya school on the left side of the big door of the flower and decided where and who compiled a lesson to lesson the Hanafis. And the day side of the books Al-Azhar. In the reign of Sultan Malik al-Nasir Hasan ibn Muhammad Qalawoon care Azhar Amir Saad Eddin Bashir Gamadar The renovated year 760 AH / 1360 m and is Bthblith and Idah and prevent people from passing through it and arranged a copy of the Koran, and make him a reader and set up on the door of shops for Zbel fresh water, and raise it an office to Read Muslim orphans, and arranged for the poor Mgeori Azhar food every day, and arranged a lesson for scholars of Tap in the large niche, and stopped at the supplication rewarding, was Mwzno Mosque of Sultan Hassan claim every Friday and after each prayer.Been a beacon of the old Al-Azhar to fall several times. Fell the first time in 800 AH / 1397-1398 م transcribed Sultan plum. And fell into a second year 817 AH / 1414 and a third after ten years and have been repaired. It also mentioned that the Sultan has established a reservoir of water and set up a way and fountain.In the mid-ninth century AH / XV M built the core Alqnaqbaii core school and became part of Al-Azhar. He ordered the Sultan Ashraf Bey reforms in Al-Azhar in 881 AH / 1476 and established a lighthouse with a graceful decorations beautiful on the western side and set up facilities for the poor, scientists, and knew that he was reluctant to pray at Al-Azhar in disguise and hear what people are saying it.And established the Sultan Qansuh al-year 915 HIJRI / 1510 Lighthouse beautiful biceps and is one of the most beautiful monuments dating back to the reign of the Mamluks in Egypt.In the Ottoman Empire became the capital of Cairo to the center of the mandate of the linked Balastanp (Astunbol) losing a bit of prestige. However conducted Sultan Selim I, who entered Egypt in 923 AH / 1517 Orezaga to Al-Azhar. This remained the Whole of interest to the Ottoman governors. The new Governor of Egypt Muhammad Sharif Pasha, built year 1014 AH / 1605, as well as renewed after nearly a century Prince Ismail Al Qasimi. It is important effects in Al-Azhar chronotropic sundial located in the west of the courtyard, and a gift to Egypt Foreign Minister Ahmed Pasha Core Year 1163 / 1750 and below the lines engraved:
Sundial perfect counterpart there is no
This painter Hasabha Minister AmjadHistory mastered the Minister of Egypt AhmedThe greatest witnessed Al-Azhar in the Ottoman Empire was at the hands of Prince Abdul Rahman Katkhoda has summed up the money a lot and built a new campus Bomayth marble session, and established a sanctuary and a platform for new, and built an office based on the arches you are the same on marble columns, allotted for the education of orphans, and created inside a spacious wide and a large reservoir of water and built a spacious tombs inside his dome. Also established a corridor to Prince Assaidiin and was fulsome in his love of Sheikh Ali Al-Adawi.In addition, the school renovated Taybarsiyya was made with the school Aqbughawiyya inside the mosque and set up two large is still on the Pope to the whole day. And constructed two new beacons, one in the eastern part